E-ISSN 2536-9520 | ISSN 1110-2047
 
2026, Vol: 88
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Original Article 


Comparative Evaluation of Bovine Tuberculosis Diagnostics: Integrating Post-Mortem Findings, Bacteriology, and Immunological Assays in Egyptian Cattle

Negm N. Shaker, Abd El-kareem A. Mahmoud, Amir H. Abd El-rahman, Osama M. Abas, Essam A. Nasr, Emad N. Hegazy.


Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, remains a major zoonotic and economic issue in livestock-producing countries, including Egypt. Despite its widespread use, the Single Intradermal Comparative Cervical Tuberculin (SICCT) test has limitations in sensitivity and specificity, necessitating the use of other diagnostic tests. The study investigated several diagnostic techniques for tuberculosis in cattle, including postmortem examination, bacteriological culture, ELISA, lateral flow assay, γ-interferon (γ-IFN) testing, and Single Intradermal Comparative Cervical Tuberculin (SICCT). The SICCT test was used to screen 2,400 Holstein cattle from eight organized dairy farms at Alexandria-Cairo desert road, Borg El Arab area, El Khatatba, Tanta, and Ismaelia, with 50 (2.10%) identified as reactors. These animals had PM examinations, and the distribution of lesions throughout organ systems was documented. Tissue samples were cultured for M. bovis and MOTT (mycobacteria other than tuberculosis). Blood and serum samples were examined using γ-IFN, ELISA, and lateral flow assays. Sensitivity/specificity analysis and chi-square testing were used to evaluate diagnostic accuracy. Important results showed that 72% of reactors had visual lesions (VL), of which 36% were in the respiratory organs, and 28% had non-visible lesions (NVLs). 62% of animals (56% VL, 6% NVL) had M. bovis, according to bacteriological analysis, with 6% also having mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (MOTT). Visible lesions had higher ELISA and lateral flow test results (40% and 34%, respectively) than non-visual lesions (2% each). In contrast to SICCT (86% sensitivity, 92.50% specificity), the γ-IFN assay demonstrated a greater sensitivity (93.40%) but a lower specificity (84%). The results demonstrate the limitations of depending solely on the SICCT test and the significance of integrating other diagnostic methods for a successful bTB diagnosis. This multi-modal approach facilitates better disease control and public health interventions while also increasing the effectiveness of surveillance.

Key words: Bovine tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, SICCT, cattle, γ-interferon, ELISA, lateral flow, postmortem, MOTT.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Shaker NN, Mahmoud AEA, El-rahman AHA, Abas OM, Nasr EA, Hegazy EN. Comparative Evaluation of Bovine Tuberculosis Diagnostics: Integrating Post-Mortem Findings, Bacteriology, and Immunological Assays in Egyptian Cattle. AJVS. 2026; 88(0): 251-262. doi:10.5455/ajvs.286845

Web Style

Shaker NN, Mahmoud AEA, El-rahman AHA, Abas OM, Nasr EA, Hegazy EN. Comparative Evaluation of Bovine Tuberculosis Diagnostics: Integrating Post-Mortem Findings, Bacteriology, and Immunological Assays in Egyptian Cattle. https://www.alexjvs.com/?mno=286845 [Access: February 04, 2026]. doi:10.5455/ajvs.286845

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Shaker NN, Mahmoud AEA, El-rahman AHA, Abas OM, Nasr EA, Hegazy EN. Comparative Evaluation of Bovine Tuberculosis Diagnostics: Integrating Post-Mortem Findings, Bacteriology, and Immunological Assays in Egyptian Cattle. AJVS. 2026; 88(0): 251-262. doi:10.5455/ajvs.286845


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Shaker NN, Mahmoud AEA, El-rahman AHA, Abas OM, Nasr EA, Hegazy EN. Comparative Evaluation of Bovine Tuberculosis Diagnostics: Integrating Post-Mortem Findings, Bacteriology, and Immunological Assays in Egyptian Cattle. AJVS. (2026), [cited February 04, 2026]; 88(0): 251-262. doi:10.5455/ajvs.286845


Harvard Style

Shaker, N. N., Mahmoud, . A. E. A., El-rahman, . A. H. A., Abas, . O. M., Nasr, . E. A. & Hegazy, . E. N. (2026) Comparative Evaluation of Bovine Tuberculosis Diagnostics: Integrating Post-Mortem Findings, Bacteriology, and Immunological Assays in Egyptian Cattle. AJVS, 88 (0), 251-262. doi:10.5455/ajvs.286845


Turabian Style

Shaker, Negm N., Abd El-kareem A. Mahmoud, Amir H. Abd El-rahman, Osama M. Abas, Essam A. Nasr, and Emad N. Hegazy. 2026. Comparative Evaluation of Bovine Tuberculosis Diagnostics: Integrating Post-Mortem Findings, Bacteriology, and Immunological Assays in Egyptian Cattle. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 88 (0), 251-262. doi:10.5455/ajvs.286845


Chicago Style

Shaker, Negm N., Abd El-kareem A. Mahmoud, Amir H. Abd El-rahman, Osama M. Abas, Essam A. Nasr, and Emad N. Hegazy. "Comparative Evaluation of Bovine Tuberculosis Diagnostics: Integrating Post-Mortem Findings, Bacteriology, and Immunological Assays in Egyptian Cattle." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences 88 (2026), 251-262. doi:10.5455/ajvs.286845


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Shaker, Negm N., Abd El-kareem A. Mahmoud, Amir H. Abd El-rahman, Osama M. Abas, Essam A. Nasr, and Emad N. Hegazy. "Comparative Evaluation of Bovine Tuberculosis Diagnostics: Integrating Post-Mortem Findings, Bacteriology, and Immunological Assays in Egyptian Cattle." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences 88.0 (2026), 251-262. Print. doi:10.5455/ajvs.286845


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Shaker, N. N., Mahmoud, . A. E. A., El-rahman, . A. H. A., Abas, . O. M., Nasr, . E. A. & Hegazy, . E. N. (2026) Comparative Evaluation of Bovine Tuberculosis Diagnostics: Integrating Post-Mortem Findings, Bacteriology, and Immunological Assays in Egyptian Cattle. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 88 (0), 251-262. doi:10.5455/ajvs.286845




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    About Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences

    The Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences (AJVS) Official Journal of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University   ISSN: 1110-204 ... Read more.



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    Egypt.

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