Abstract
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a highly versatile and dangerous bacterium responsible for considerable economic losses. This study evaluated the antioxidant and antibacterial efficacy of amygdalin, compared with cefquinome, in reducing inflammatory responses in E. coli–infected rabbits. In addition, the effects of amygdalin on tissue chemical quality and cefquinome residues were assessed, along with the impact of boiling, roasting, and freezing on cefquinome residue levels in cefquinome-treated, E. coli–infected rabbits. In vitro, E. coli was identified and isolated, exhibiting sensitivity to cefquinome with varying responses to other antibiotics. 100 experimental rabbits were randomised into groups as follows: group 1 (control negative), group 2 (E. coli infected, untreated), group 3 (E. coli infected + cefquinome), group 4 (E. coli infected + cefquinome+ amygdalin), and group 5 (E. coli infected + amygdalin). Amygdaline supplementation, whether used alone or with cefquinome, enhances antioxidant enzymes and mitigates hepatorenal dysfunction. Amygalin and cefquinome combination elevates lysozyme concentration and interleukin 6 (IL6) expression, decreases nitric oxide levels, preserves protein integrity, and normalizes total volatile basic nitrogen, thiobarbituric acid, and pH levels. Additionally, amygalin reduced cefquinome residues in rabbit tissue, ensuring safety for slaughter at least 7 days after the last dose of cefquinome compared to 9 days after cefquinome alone. Boiling rabbit tissues was the most effective method for reducing cefquinome residues to levels safe for human consumption, surpassing both roasting and freezing. In particular, virulent resistant gens of E coli isolate (mphA, blaTEM, hlyF, and ompA) were detected in liver tissue. The study indicates that either cefquinome or amygdalin can mitigate the inflammatory consequences of E. coli. Nonetheless, the synergistic application provides enhanced and prolonged anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory advantages. Consequently, amygdalin may be endorsed together cefquinome to enhance the safety and quality of rabbit tissues. Also, Boiling is recommended for significantly diminished cefquinome residues.

Key words: Antibiotic, apricot, animals, enterpathogen, meat quality