Abstract
Ultrasonography is widely used in small animal practice for both diagnostic imaging and image guided interventional procedures. Real-time ultrasound guidance allows visualization of abdominal organs and helps direct biopsy needles toward selected target tissues while avoiding adjacent critical structures. This exploratory study describes ultrasound guided needle insertion into three abdominal organs of dogs; the liver, spleen, and kidney. The aim was to demonstrate the sonographic appearance of the biopsy needle during insertion and to illustrate the practical use of the out-of-plane technique. Dogs were positioned according to the target organ, and the liver, spleen, and kidney were examined using B-mode ultrasonography. Important anatomical landmarks were identified before needle insertion, including the gallbladder and diaphragm–lung interface for the liver, the splenic parenchyma and vascular regions for the spleen, and the renal cortex, medulla, capsule, and pelvis for the kidney. Under real-time ultrasound guidance, the biopsy needle was introduced percutaneously using an out-of-plane approach. In all organs, the needle was visualized as a hyperechoic structure or point within or near the target tissue. The liver and spleen provided relatively clear acoustic windows for needle visualization, whereas renal needle placement required more precise anatomical orientation to target the cortex and avoid deeper renal structures. The findings demonstrate that ultrasonography is a practical method for guiding needle placement in canine abdominal organs and provide a visual reference for training in ultrasound guided biopsy techniques.

Key words: Keywords: Ultrasonography, Biopsy needle, ultrasound guided procedure, out-of-plane technique.