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Original Article
Online Published: 14 Jul 2026
 


Effective Bioremediation of Lead and Cadmium using Limosilactobacillus fermentum PX488015 and Enterococcus faecium PX 952700 in Ripened Cheese

Walaa G. Nadi, Lamiaa I. Ahmed, Abeer A. Awad, Gomaa N. Abdel-rahman, Eman M. Taher.


Abstract
Heavy metal contamination in dairy products represents a serious health risk, underscoring the urgent need for safe and effective mitigation approaches. Hence, the present study initially evaluated the in vitro reduction efficiency of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and chromium (Cr) at concentrations of 1.0 and 5.0 ppm using Limosilactobacillus fermentum PX488015 and Enterococcus faecium PX952700 under different contact times (2, 4, and 24 h). The results revealed that both strains demonstrated notable heavy metal reduction from the first 2 hours. L. fermentum PX488015 reduction percentages were 74.7, 74.3, 51.8, 76.4, and 72.8, while that of E. faecium PX952700 were 70.2, 80.1, 62.4, 71.3, and 77.9 for Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, and Cr (1.0 ppm for each), respectively after 2 hours. In addition, reduction efficiency significantly decreased as the heavy metal concentrations elevated, indicating a concentration dependent effect. Subsequently, the two strains, individually and in combination, were investigated for their ability to mitigate Pb and Cd (1.0 ppm for each) separately and concurrently in a ripened cheese model over a storage period of three months. Significant reductions of the spiked metals were observed from the zero time (end of manufacturing) compared to control groups (P<0.05). Moreover, treatment containing both probiotic strains achieved the best reduction percentages, in which the spiked metal concentrations (single and mix) decreased to below the detection limit within one week. In conclusion, L. fermentum and E. faecium can be used as natural, safe, and sustainable additives for heavy metal reduction from dairy products, offering a promising bio sorption approach for enhancing food safety.

Key words: Bio mitigation, Ripened cheese, Nickel, Food safety, Chromium


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Nadi WG, Ahmed LI, Awad AA, Abdel-rahman GN, Taher EM. Effective Bioremediation of Lead and Cadmium using Limosilactobacillus fermentum PX488015 and Enterococcus faecium PX 952700 in Ripened Cheese. AJVS. Online First: 14 Jul, 2026. doi:10.5455/ajvs.324658

Web Style

Nadi WG, Ahmed LI, Awad AA, Abdel-rahman GN, Taher EM. Effective Bioremediation of Lead and Cadmium using Limosilactobacillus fermentum PX488015 and Enterococcus faecium PX 952700 in Ripened Cheese. https://www.alexjvs.com/?mno=324658 [Access: July 23, 2026]. doi:10.5455/ajvs.324658

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Nadi WG, Ahmed LI, Awad AA, Abdel-rahman GN, Taher EM. Effective Bioremediation of Lead and Cadmium using Limosilactobacillus fermentum PX488015 and Enterococcus faecium PX 952700 in Ripened Cheese. AJVS. Online First: 14 Jul, 2026. doi:10.5455/ajvs.324658


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Nadi WG, Ahmed LI, Awad AA, Abdel-rahman GN, Taher EM. Effective Bioremediation of Lead and Cadmium using Limosilactobacillus fermentum PX488015 and Enterococcus faecium PX 952700 in Ripened Cheese. AJVS, [cited July 23, 2026]; Online First: 14 Jul, 2026. doi:10.5455/ajvs.324658


Harvard Style

Nadi, W. G., Ahmed, . L. I., Awad, . A. A., Abdel-rahman, . G. N. & Taher, . E. M. (0) Effective Bioremediation of Lead and Cadmium using Limosilactobacillus fermentum PX488015 and Enterococcus faecium PX 952700 in Ripened Cheese. AJVS, Online First: 14 Jul, 2026. doi:10.5455/ajvs.324658


Turabian Style

Nadi, Walaa G., Lamiaa I. Ahmed, Abeer A. Awad, Gomaa N. Abdel-rahman, and Eman M. Taher. 0. Effective Bioremediation of Lead and Cadmium using Limosilactobacillus fermentum PX488015 and Enterococcus faecium PX 952700 in Ripened Cheese. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, Online First: 14 Jul, 2026. doi:10.5455/ajvs.324658


Chicago Style

Nadi, Walaa G., Lamiaa I. Ahmed, Abeer A. Awad, Gomaa N. Abdel-rahman, and Eman M. Taher. "Effective Bioremediation of Lead and Cadmium using Limosilactobacillus fermentum PX488015 and Enterococcus faecium PX 952700 in Ripened Cheese." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences Online First: 14 Jul, 2026. doi:10.5455/ajvs.324658


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Nadi, Walaa G., Lamiaa I. Ahmed, Abeer A. Awad, Gomaa N. Abdel-rahman, and Eman M. Taher. "Effective Bioremediation of Lead and Cadmium using Limosilactobacillus fermentum PX488015 and Enterococcus faecium PX 952700 in Ripened Cheese." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences Online First: 14 Jul, 2026. Web. 23 Jul 2026 doi:10.5455/ajvs.324658


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Nadi, W. G., Ahmed, . L. I., Awad, . A. A., Abdel-rahman, . G. N. & Taher, . E. M. (0) Effective Bioremediation of Lead and Cadmium using Limosilactobacillus fermentum PX488015 and Enterococcus faecium PX 952700 in Ripened Cheese. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, Online First: 14 Jul, 2026. doi:10.5455/ajvs.324658




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    Egypt.

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