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2024, Vol: 80, Issue: 1
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Original Article 


Effect of Mycotoxins or Hard Water on Newcastle, Gumboro, and Infectious Bronchitis Post Vaccinal Immune Responses and Performance of Broilers

Ramy Alazzouny, Elsayed Badawy, Mohga Badawy, Tamer F. Ismail.

Abstract
Viral outbreaks are the leading causes of economic losses in the poultry industries worldwide. Intensive vaccination programs and excellent management are crucial for successful protection. Certainly, the most vital management factors are feed and water quality. This study evaluated the effect of mycotoxins fed or hard water on IBD, ND, and IB vaccines response and performance in broilers. A total of 400 Cobb chicks were randomly divided into 4 groups; not vaccinated negative control (G1), vaccinated positive control (G2), vaccinated mycotoxins fed (G3) and vaccinated hard water (G4). Blood samples were collected at 4, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days of age. Profolk Plus IBD ELISA Kit, Biocheck IB ELISA Kit and Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test were used for titers estimation. The feed intake, body weight and the feed conversion ratio were calculated. For the effect of mycotoxins, the G3 showed significantly lower mean titers than G2 from the 35th day for all tested vaccines. For the effect of hard water on IBD vaccine response, the G4 had significantly lower mean titers than G2 on the 42nd day. For IB vaccine response, from the 28th day G4 had significantly lower mean titers than G2. Regarding feed intake and body weight, the G2 was significantly better than G3 and G4. In conclusion, mycotoxins had adverse effects on the humoral immune response for IBD, ND, and IB titers. The adverse effect of hard water on IB vaccines response was significant from the 28th day.

Key words: Hard water, Mycotoxins, IBD, IB, ND, immunosuppression


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Alazzouny R, Badawy E, Badawy M, Ismail TF. Effect of Mycotoxins or Hard Water on Newcastle, Gumboro, and Infectious Bronchitis Post Vaccinal Immune Responses and Performance of Broilers. AJVS. 2023; 78(1): 54-63. doi:10.5455/ajvs.158294

Web Style

Alazzouny R, Badawy E, Badawy M, Ismail TF. Effect of Mycotoxins or Hard Water on Newcastle, Gumboro, and Infectious Bronchitis Post Vaccinal Immune Responses and Performance of Broilers. https://www.alexjvs.com/?mno=158294 [Access: December 06, 2023]. doi:10.5455/ajvs.158294

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Alazzouny R, Badawy E, Badawy M, Ismail TF. Effect of Mycotoxins or Hard Water on Newcastle, Gumboro, and Infectious Bronchitis Post Vaccinal Immune Responses and Performance of Broilers. AJVS. 2023; 78(1): 54-63. doi:10.5455/ajvs.158294


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Alazzouny R, Badawy E, Badawy M, Ismail TF. Effect of Mycotoxins or Hard Water on Newcastle, Gumboro, and Infectious Bronchitis Post Vaccinal Immune Responses and Performance of Broilers. AJVS. (2023), [cited December 06, 2023]; 78(1): 54-63. doi:10.5455/ajvs.158294


Harvard Style

Alazzouny, R., Badawy, . E., Badawy, . M. & Ismail, . T. F. (2023) Effect of Mycotoxins or Hard Water on Newcastle, Gumboro, and Infectious Bronchitis Post Vaccinal Immune Responses and Performance of Broilers. AJVS, 78 (1), 54-63. doi:10.5455/ajvs.158294


Turabian Style

Alazzouny, Ramy, Elsayed Badawy, Mohga Badawy, and Tamer F. Ismail. 2023. Effect of Mycotoxins or Hard Water on Newcastle, Gumboro, and Infectious Bronchitis Post Vaccinal Immune Responses and Performance of Broilers. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 78 (1), 54-63. doi:10.5455/ajvs.158294


Chicago Style

Alazzouny, Ramy, Elsayed Badawy, Mohga Badawy, and Tamer F. Ismail. "Effect of Mycotoxins or Hard Water on Newcastle, Gumboro, and Infectious Bronchitis Post Vaccinal Immune Responses and Performance of Broilers." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences 78 (2023), 54-63. doi:10.5455/ajvs.158294


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Alazzouny, Ramy, Elsayed Badawy, Mohga Badawy, and Tamer F. Ismail. "Effect of Mycotoxins or Hard Water on Newcastle, Gumboro, and Infectious Bronchitis Post Vaccinal Immune Responses and Performance of Broilers." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences 78.1 (2023), 54-63. Print. doi:10.5455/ajvs.158294


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Alazzouny, R., Badawy, . E., Badawy, . M. & Ismail, . T. F. (2023) Effect of Mycotoxins or Hard Water on Newcastle, Gumboro, and Infectious Bronchitis Post Vaccinal Immune Responses and Performance of Broilers. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 78 (1), 54-63. doi:10.5455/ajvs.158294




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    The Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences (AJVS) Official Journal of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University   ISSN: 1110 ... Read more.



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