E-ISSN 2536-9520 | ISSN 1110-2047
 
2026, Vol: 89
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Original Article
Online Published: 23 May 2025
 


Isolation, Molecular and Biological Characterization of Fowl Adenovirus-D serotype 2 from Infected Commercial Broilers in Egypt During 2024

Nada Hamer, Mahmoud M. Abotaleb, Ahmed R. Elbestawy, Helmy A. Torky, Samy A. Khaliel.


Abstract
Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) is a significant pathogen in poultry causing considerable economic losses worldwide, particularly in broiler farms. This study aimed to detect, isolate, and characterize FAdVs from suspected outbreaks in commercial broiler flocks in Beheira and Menoufia governorates, Egypt, during 2024. Fifteen broiler flocks exhibiting gross lesions of inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) were sampled. Cloacal swabs and liver tissues were collected and processed for virus detection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the hexon gene. Positive samples were further subjected to virus isolation in chicken embryo liver (CEL) cells and propagation in specific pathogen-free embryonated chicken eggs (SPF-ECEs). Sequence and phylogenetic analyses were performed to determine genotype (serotype) and assess genetic relationships. Results confirmed the presence of FAdV in 9 out of 15 flocks. Two representative isolates, Chicken-Egypt/Behera/2024 (GenBank accession No. PV243151) and Chicken-Egypt/Mounofia/2024 (GenBank accession No. PV243152), were identified as FAdV serotype 2 (species D) and showed 99.1–99.2% sequence identity with Chinese strains. Phylogenetic analysis clustered them closely with global FAdV-D strains. Typical cytopathic effects observed in CEL cell cultures, and embryonic lesions supported their pathogenicity. The virus titers were determined as 106.1 TCID₅₀/0.1 mL and 102.2 EID₅₀. These findings highlight the persistence of FAdV serotype 2 strains in Egypt and underscore the need for continuous monitoring and vaccine efficacy evaluations to improve its control measures.

Key words: Fowl Adenovirus, FADV-D serotype 2, Sequencing, PCR, Chicken Embryo Liver Cell, TCID50, Broiler Chickens


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Hamer N, Abotaleb MM, Elbestawy AR, Torky HA, Khaliel SA. Isolation, Molecular and Biological Characterization of Fowl Adenovirus-D serotype 2 from Infected Commercial Broilers in Egypt During 2024. AJVS. 2025; 86(0): 43-54. doi:10.5455/ajvs.254920

Web Style

Hamer N, Abotaleb MM, Elbestawy AR, Torky HA, Khaliel SA. Isolation, Molecular and Biological Characterization of Fowl Adenovirus-D serotype 2 from Infected Commercial Broilers in Egypt During 2024. https://www.alexjvs.com/?mno=254920 [Access: June 26, 2026]. doi:10.5455/ajvs.254920

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Hamer N, Abotaleb MM, Elbestawy AR, Torky HA, Khaliel SA. Isolation, Molecular and Biological Characterization of Fowl Adenovirus-D serotype 2 from Infected Commercial Broilers in Egypt During 2024. AJVS. 2025; 86(0): 43-54. doi:10.5455/ajvs.254920


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Hamer N, Abotaleb MM, Elbestawy AR, Torky HA, Khaliel SA. Isolation, Molecular and Biological Characterization of Fowl Adenovirus-D serotype 2 from Infected Commercial Broilers in Egypt During 2024. AJVS. (2025), [cited June 26, 2026]; 86(0): 43-54. doi:10.5455/ajvs.254920


Harvard Style

Hamer, N., Abotaleb, . M. M., Elbestawy, . A. R., Torky, . H. A. & Khaliel, . S. A. (2025) Isolation, Molecular and Biological Characterization of Fowl Adenovirus-D serotype 2 from Infected Commercial Broilers in Egypt During 2024. AJVS, 86 (0), 43-54. doi:10.5455/ajvs.254920


Turabian Style

Hamer, Nada, Mahmoud M. Abotaleb, Ahmed R. Elbestawy, Helmy A. Torky, and Samy A. Khaliel. 2025. Isolation, Molecular and Biological Characterization of Fowl Adenovirus-D serotype 2 from Infected Commercial Broilers in Egypt During 2024. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 86 (0), 43-54. doi:10.5455/ajvs.254920


Chicago Style

Hamer, Nada, Mahmoud M. Abotaleb, Ahmed R. Elbestawy, Helmy A. Torky, and Samy A. Khaliel. "Isolation, Molecular and Biological Characterization of Fowl Adenovirus-D serotype 2 from Infected Commercial Broilers in Egypt During 2024." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences 86 (2025), 43-54. doi:10.5455/ajvs.254920


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Hamer, Nada, Mahmoud M. Abotaleb, Ahmed R. Elbestawy, Helmy A. Torky, and Samy A. Khaliel. "Isolation, Molecular and Biological Characterization of Fowl Adenovirus-D serotype 2 from Infected Commercial Broilers in Egypt During 2024." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences 86.0 (2025), 43-54. Print. doi:10.5455/ajvs.254920


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Hamer, N., Abotaleb, . M. M., Elbestawy, . A. R., Torky, . H. A. & Khaliel, . S. A. (2025) Isolation, Molecular and Biological Characterization of Fowl Adenovirus-D serotype 2 from Infected Commercial Broilers in Egypt During 2024. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 86 (0), 43-54. doi:10.5455/ajvs.254920




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    The Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences (AJVS) Official Journal of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University   ISSN: 1110-204 ... Read more.



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    Abees 10th district, Alexandria
    Egypt.

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