Abstract
The dairy sector suffers significant financial losses due to repeat breeding syndrome (RBS), a significant reproductive disease in dairy cattle. For a very long time, repeat breeding has been regarded as one of the most critical reproductive issues in cattle. The objective of this study is to investigate the frequency and identify the risk factors related to repeat breeding in dairy cows in the Bogura district of Bangladesh. Additionally, the study aims to assess the influence of repeat breeding on reproductive performance in this population. This study collected indigenous and crossbred 179 cow's data using a pre-structured questionnaire. The cows that needed more than three consecutive inseminations to conceive were considered repeat breeders, and those that needed ≤3 inseminations were regular cyclic cows. The incidence rate of RBS in this study was 33.50%. In BCS 2.5 to 3.0, the incidence rate was significantly higher (58.30%) in repeat breeders than in others. Cows with < 5-litre average daily milk production and reared in intensive farming systems with moderate to poor levels of hygienic management have a significant (p<0.005) effect of repeat breeding syndrome. Different reproductive diseases have a significant (p<0.001) effect on the conception rate of cows. Stillbirth (77.87%) followed by fetal death (76.47%) were recorded as major reproductive obstacles in repeat breeding, whereas pyometra (71.43%), followed by abortion (66.67%), dystocia (70.00%) and endometritis (57.14%) were the major recorded complications in repeat breeders. The rate of conception would go up if cows had optimal BCS, good hygiene and management practices were used, and farmers were trained on how to manage cattle reproduction. This would lower the repeat breeding syndrome.

Key words: Normal cyclic, Repeat breeder, Cyclicity, Risk Factors, Reproductive disorders.