E-ISSN 2536-9520 | ISSN 1110-2047
 
2025, Vol: 85
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Original Article 


The architectural and functional specifications of intrinsic muscles of the fore limb of the Egyptian Baladi goats (Capra hircus)

Mahmoud S. Gewaily, Masoud H. Fayed, Foad A. Farrag.


Abstract
This study provides quantitative anatomical data on the muscle–tendon units of intrinsic muscles of the fore limb of the domesticated goat specifically; muscle mass, volume, fascicle length, tendon mass, tendon volume, and tendon rest length. From these measurements, the physiological cross sectional area (PCSA) and maximum isometric force (Fmax), in addition to tendon stress and tendon strain were calculated for each muscle. A total of 180 muscles (60 from each cadaver; 30 in each limb) were dissected to examine each muscle functional specifications and their role in limb function. The largest muscle mass was revealed to have the largest volume, long fascicle length and the highest capacity for force production. Within the functional groups of muscles, the proportion of muscle mass, muscle volume, PCSA as well as force generation was the greatest for the shoulder flexors followed by shoulder extensors. This is suitable for their role in weight bearing. The muscles working on joints of digits were having long tendons with high cross section area (CSA) and architecture index (AI) and thus were functionally suited to elastic energy storage needed for digital movement. In conclusion, architecture properties are crucial factors for determination of muscle function.

Key words: Goat, fore limb, Muscle Architecture.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Gewaily MS, Fayed MH, Farrag FA. The architectural and functional specifications of intrinsic muscles of the fore limb of the Egyptian Baladi goats (Capra hircus). AJVS. 2017; 55(1): 110-124. doi:10.5455/ajvs.280875

Web Style

Gewaily MS, Fayed MH, Farrag FA. The architectural and functional specifications of intrinsic muscles of the fore limb of the Egyptian Baladi goats (Capra hircus). https://www.alexjvs.com/?mno=280875 [Access: March 28, 2025]. doi:10.5455/ajvs.280875

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Gewaily MS, Fayed MH, Farrag FA. The architectural and functional specifications of intrinsic muscles of the fore limb of the Egyptian Baladi goats (Capra hircus). AJVS. 2017; 55(1): 110-124. doi:10.5455/ajvs.280875


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Gewaily MS, Fayed MH, Farrag FA. The architectural and functional specifications of intrinsic muscles of the fore limb of the Egyptian Baladi goats (Capra hircus). AJVS. (2017), [cited March 28, 2025]; 55(1): 110-124. doi:10.5455/ajvs.280875


Harvard Style

Gewaily, M. S., Fayed, . M. H. & Farrag, . F. A. (2017) The architectural and functional specifications of intrinsic muscles of the fore limb of the Egyptian Baladi goats (Capra hircus). AJVS, 55 (1), 110-124. doi:10.5455/ajvs.280875


Turabian Style

Gewaily, Mahmoud S., Masoud H. Fayed, and Foad A. Farrag. 2017. The architectural and functional specifications of intrinsic muscles of the fore limb of the Egyptian Baladi goats (Capra hircus). Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 55 (1), 110-124. doi:10.5455/ajvs.280875


Chicago Style

Gewaily, Mahmoud S., Masoud H. Fayed, and Foad A. Farrag. "The architectural and functional specifications of intrinsic muscles of the fore limb of the Egyptian Baladi goats (Capra hircus)." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences 55 (2017), 110-124. doi:10.5455/ajvs.280875


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Gewaily, Mahmoud S., Masoud H. Fayed, and Foad A. Farrag. "The architectural and functional specifications of intrinsic muscles of the fore limb of the Egyptian Baladi goats (Capra hircus)." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences 55.1 (2017), 110-124. Print. doi:10.5455/ajvs.280875


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Gewaily, M. S., Fayed, . M. H. & Farrag, . F. A. (2017) The architectural and functional specifications of intrinsic muscles of the fore limb of the Egyptian Baladi goats (Capra hircus). Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 55 (1), 110-124. doi:10.5455/ajvs.280875




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    The Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences (AJVS) Official Journal of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University   ISSN: 1110 ... Read more.



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