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2026, Vol: 88
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Original Article 


The Neurotoxicity of Acetamiprid and Pendimethalin is Enhanced by Their Combined Exposure in Oreochromis Niloticus

Amr A. Khafaga, Khaled M. Ashry, Osama S. Elokle, Omnia I. Eleuony, Ahmed M. Elgazzar.


Abstract
The investigation of pesticide combination toxicity has received more attention than the assessment of individual pesticides over the last decade, due to their overuse in agricultural and veterinary practices. The aim of our study is to evaluate the neurotoxic effects of acetamiprid and pendimethalin after single and combined exposure in Oreochromis niloticus. In this experiment, 120 healthy Nile tilapia juveniles (15 ± 3 g) were used. Fish were randomly distributed into four groups (30 fish each), as follows: a control group, an acetamiprid-intoxicated group, a pendimethalin-intoxicated group, and a group that received both acetamiprid and pendimethalin for 28 successive days. Biomarkers of oxidative stress, including malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels, along with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, were evaluated spectrophotometrically in the brain. In addition, histopathological alterations in the brain were assessed. The results revealed a significant elevation in oxidative stress markers across all exposed groups, with the highest levels detected in the co-exposed group. Moreover, the most severe brain tissue lesions were observed in this group. These findings indicate that co-exposure to acetamiprid and pendimethalin intensifies their neurotoxic effects in Nile tilapia.

Key words: Key: acetamiprid, pendimethalin, Nile tilapia, malondialdehyde, and 8-OHdG


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Khafaga AA, Ashry KM, Elokle OS, Eleuony OI, Elgazzar AM. The Neurotoxicity of Acetamiprid and Pendimethalin is Enhanced by Their Combined Exposure in Oreochromis Niloticus. AJVS. 2026; 88(0): 129-138. doi:10.5455/ajvs.291399

Web Style

Khafaga AA, Ashry KM, Elokle OS, Eleuony OI, Elgazzar AM. The Neurotoxicity of Acetamiprid and Pendimethalin is Enhanced by Their Combined Exposure in Oreochromis Niloticus. https://www.alexjvs.com/?mno=291399 [Access: February 04, 2026]. doi:10.5455/ajvs.291399

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Khafaga AA, Ashry KM, Elokle OS, Eleuony OI, Elgazzar AM. The Neurotoxicity of Acetamiprid and Pendimethalin is Enhanced by Their Combined Exposure in Oreochromis Niloticus. AJVS. 2026; 88(0): 129-138. doi:10.5455/ajvs.291399


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Khafaga AA, Ashry KM, Elokle OS, Eleuony OI, Elgazzar AM. The Neurotoxicity of Acetamiprid and Pendimethalin is Enhanced by Their Combined Exposure in Oreochromis Niloticus. AJVS. (2026), [cited February 04, 2026]; 88(0): 129-138. doi:10.5455/ajvs.291399


Harvard Style

Khafaga, A. A., Ashry, . K. M., Elokle, . O. S., Eleuony, . O. I. & Elgazzar, . A. M. (2026) The Neurotoxicity of Acetamiprid and Pendimethalin is Enhanced by Their Combined Exposure in Oreochromis Niloticus. AJVS, 88 (0), 129-138. doi:10.5455/ajvs.291399


Turabian Style

Khafaga, Amr A., Khaled M. Ashry, Osama S. Elokle, Omnia I. Eleuony, and Ahmed M. Elgazzar. 2026. The Neurotoxicity of Acetamiprid and Pendimethalin is Enhanced by Their Combined Exposure in Oreochromis Niloticus. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 88 (0), 129-138. doi:10.5455/ajvs.291399


Chicago Style

Khafaga, Amr A., Khaled M. Ashry, Osama S. Elokle, Omnia I. Eleuony, and Ahmed M. Elgazzar. "The Neurotoxicity of Acetamiprid and Pendimethalin is Enhanced by Their Combined Exposure in Oreochromis Niloticus." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences 88 (2026), 129-138. doi:10.5455/ajvs.291399


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Khafaga, Amr A., Khaled M. Ashry, Osama S. Elokle, Omnia I. Eleuony, and Ahmed M. Elgazzar. "The Neurotoxicity of Acetamiprid and Pendimethalin is Enhanced by Their Combined Exposure in Oreochromis Niloticus." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences 88.0 (2026), 129-138. Print. doi:10.5455/ajvs.291399


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Khafaga, A. A., Ashry, . K. M., Elokle, . O. S., Eleuony, . O. I. & Elgazzar, . A. M. (2026) The Neurotoxicity of Acetamiprid and Pendimethalin is Enhanced by Their Combined Exposure in Oreochromis Niloticus. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 88 (0), 129-138. doi:10.5455/ajvs.291399




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    Egypt.

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