E-ISSN 2536-9520 | ISSN 1110-2047
 
2026, Vol: 88
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Original Article 


Efficacy and Safety of Inactivated Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccine Adjuvanted with Calcium Phosphate in Chicken

Mahmoud M. Abdelmoneam, Nada A. Fathy, Wafaa R. Abdelaziz, Mohammed A. Abdelsabour, Heba Mg. Abdel Aziz, Walaa A. Mohammed.


Abstract
The selection of appropriate adjuvants is vital for boosting the efficacy of inactivated poultry vaccines. This study aimed to evaluate the immunological potential and safety of inactivated Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) vaccine formulated with Calcium Phosphate (CaP) gel, comparing its performance as a substitute adjuvant to traditionally used aluminum hydroxide gel and oil- based adjuvant in chickens. The experiment was conducted on four groups of chicks. The first group was vaccinated with an inactivated NDV vaccine coupled with CaP adjuvant. The second group received the inactivated NDV vaccine formulated with the traditionally used Aluminum hydroxide adjuvant. The third group was inoculated with a commercially prepared oil-based inactivated NDV vaccine. Group 4 kept as a control unvaccinated group. Humoral immune response were monitored weekly using Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and the challenge trial was conducted 21 days post- vaccination using a virulent NDV strain to assess protective efficacy. Our finding demonstrated that while all vaccinated groups developed protective antibody levels, the CaP adjuvented group showed faster onset of immunity compared to oil adjuvented group. Specifically, HI titers in CaP and aluminum hydroxide groups reached their peak (4.8 log2) by the 2nd week after vaccination, outperforming the oil based formulation. Furthermore, the CaP vaccine provided a high protection rate of (93.3%) during the challenge trial, with no adverse clinical signs or injection site reactions observed, confirming its safety profile. In conclusion, CaP gel serves as an effective and safe alternative to traditional adjuvants for inactivated NDV vaccines. It capable of stimulating high and early immune response and provides high clinical protection, offering a promising natural and cost- effective tool for improving poultry vaccination strategies.

Key words: Newcastle Disease Virus, Calcium Phosphate, Adjuvant, Vaccine.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Abdelmoneam MM, Fathy NA, Abdelaziz WR, Abdelsabour MA, Aziz HMA, Mohammed WA. Efficacy and Safety of Inactivated Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccine Adjuvanted with Calcium Phosphate in Chicken. AJVS. 2026; 88(0): 81-88. doi:10.5455/ajvs.297746

Web Style

Abdelmoneam MM, Fathy NA, Abdelaziz WR, Abdelsabour MA, Aziz HMA, Mohammed WA. Efficacy and Safety of Inactivated Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccine Adjuvanted with Calcium Phosphate in Chicken. https://www.alexjvs.com/?mno=297746 [Access: February 04, 2026]. doi:10.5455/ajvs.297746

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Abdelmoneam MM, Fathy NA, Abdelaziz WR, Abdelsabour MA, Aziz HMA, Mohammed WA. Efficacy and Safety of Inactivated Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccine Adjuvanted with Calcium Phosphate in Chicken. AJVS. 2026; 88(0): 81-88. doi:10.5455/ajvs.297746


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Abdelmoneam MM, Fathy NA, Abdelaziz WR, Abdelsabour MA, Aziz HMA, Mohammed WA. Efficacy and Safety of Inactivated Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccine Adjuvanted with Calcium Phosphate in Chicken. AJVS. (2026), [cited February 04, 2026]; 88(0): 81-88. doi:10.5455/ajvs.297746


Harvard Style

Abdelmoneam, M. M., Fathy, . N. A., Abdelaziz, . W. R., Abdelsabour, . M. A., Aziz, . H. M. A. & Mohammed, . W. A. (2026) Efficacy and Safety of Inactivated Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccine Adjuvanted with Calcium Phosphate in Chicken. AJVS, 88 (0), 81-88. doi:10.5455/ajvs.297746


Turabian Style

Abdelmoneam, Mahmoud M., Nada A. Fathy, Wafaa R. Abdelaziz, Mohammed A. Abdelsabour, Heba Mg. Abdel Aziz, and Walaa A. Mohammed. 2026. Efficacy and Safety of Inactivated Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccine Adjuvanted with Calcium Phosphate in Chicken. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 88 (0), 81-88. doi:10.5455/ajvs.297746


Chicago Style

Abdelmoneam, Mahmoud M., Nada A. Fathy, Wafaa R. Abdelaziz, Mohammed A. Abdelsabour, Heba Mg. Abdel Aziz, and Walaa A. Mohammed. "Efficacy and Safety of Inactivated Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccine Adjuvanted with Calcium Phosphate in Chicken." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences 88 (2026), 81-88. doi:10.5455/ajvs.297746


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Abdelmoneam, Mahmoud M., Nada A. Fathy, Wafaa R. Abdelaziz, Mohammed A. Abdelsabour, Heba Mg. Abdel Aziz, and Walaa A. Mohammed. "Efficacy and Safety of Inactivated Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccine Adjuvanted with Calcium Phosphate in Chicken." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences 88.0 (2026), 81-88. Print. doi:10.5455/ajvs.297746


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Abdelmoneam, M. M., Fathy, . N. A., Abdelaziz, . W. R., Abdelsabour, . M. A., Aziz, . H. M. A. & Mohammed, . W. A. (2026) Efficacy and Safety of Inactivated Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccine Adjuvanted with Calcium Phosphate in Chicken. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 88 (0), 81-88. doi:10.5455/ajvs.297746




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    The Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences (AJVS) Official Journal of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University   ISSN: 1110-204 ... Read more.



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    Alexandria University
    P.O.: 21944
    Abees 10th district, Alexandria
    Egypt.

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