E-ISSN 2536-9520 | ISSN 1110-2047
 
2026, Vol: 89
89Current Volume Online First Archive Aims and Scope Abstracting & Indexing Most Accessed Articles Most Downloaded Articles Most Cited Articles

Original Article
Online Published: 01 May 2026
 


Anti-biofilm Potential of Natural Oils against Legionella spp.: Insights into Prevention and Control Strategies

Esraa H. Allam, Mohamed M. Elsenduony, Maha E. Omran And Walaa A. Alshareef.


Abstract
This study started in February 2022 for two years; swab and water samples were collected from air conditioners. Identification was subsequently confirmed through 16S rRNA sequencing. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was performed on the isolated strains. Then determine the ability of these isolates for biofilm formation then the ability of some natural products to decrease their presence. In the analysis of 600 samples, four (0.7%) tested positive for Legionella spp. Strains of L. pneumophila displayed sensitivity to meropenem, levofloxacin, clarithromycin, doxycycline and erythromycin and the result of MIC were between 0.01: 0.04 μg/ml, 0.06: 0.5 μg/ml, 0.03: 0.25 μg/ ml, 0.03: 0.67 μg/ ml, 0.13:1 μg/ ml, respectively also, they were able to form strong biofilm. The natural products like clove, lemon grass and rosemary oil have a strong antibacterial effect against L. pneumophila with MIC range 0.78%-1.56%vv, 0.2%-0.78% vv and 0.39%-6.25% vv respectively. The addition of EOs at sub-MIC concentrations to media resulted in a reduction of existing biofilms by a rate of more than 99%. The presence of pathogenic and potentially lethal L. pneumophila infections can be linked to air conditioning systems. Continuous monitoring of these appliances and using natural products are essential to prevent the proliferation of this bacterium and associated health risks.

Key words: Legionella pneumophila, MIC, Biofilm, Natural products, Anti biofilm.


 
ARTICLE TOOLS
Abstract
PDF Fulltext
How to cite this articleHow to cite this article
Citation Tools
Related Records
 Articles by Esraa H. Allam
Articles by Mohamed M. Elsenduony
Articles by Maha E. Omran and Walaa A. Alshareef
on Google
on Google Scholar


How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Allam EH, Elsenduony MM, . Anti-biofilm Potential of Natural Oils against Legionella spp.: Insights into Prevention and Control Strategies. AJVS. Online First: 01 May, 2026. doi:10.5455/ajvs.311427

Web Style

Allam EH, Elsenduony MM, . Anti-biofilm Potential of Natural Oils against Legionella spp.: Insights into Prevention and Control Strategies. https://www.alexjvs.com/?mno=311427 [Access: June 23, 2026]. doi:10.5455/ajvs.311427

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Allam EH, Elsenduony MM, . Anti-biofilm Potential of Natural Oils against Legionella spp.: Insights into Prevention and Control Strategies. AJVS. Online First: 01 May, 2026. doi:10.5455/ajvs.311427


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Allam EH, Elsenduony MM, . Anti-biofilm Potential of Natural Oils against Legionella spp.: Insights into Prevention and Control Strategies. AJVS, [cited June 23, 2026]; Online First: 01 May, 2026. doi:10.5455/ajvs.311427


Harvard Style

Allam, E. H., Elsenduony, . M. M. & (0) Anti-biofilm Potential of Natural Oils against Legionella spp.: Insights into Prevention and Control Strategies. AJVS, Online First: 01 May, 2026. doi:10.5455/ajvs.311427


Turabian Style

Allam, Esraa H., Mohamed M. Elsenduony, and Maha E. Omran And Walaa A. Alshareef. 0. Anti-biofilm Potential of Natural Oils against Legionella spp.: Insights into Prevention and Control Strategies. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, Online First: 01 May, 2026. doi:10.5455/ajvs.311427


Chicago Style

Allam, Esraa H., Mohamed M. Elsenduony, and Maha E. Omran And Walaa A. Alshareef. "Anti-biofilm Potential of Natural Oils against Legionella spp.: Insights into Prevention and Control Strategies." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences Online First: 01 May, 2026. doi:10.5455/ajvs.311427


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Allam, Esraa H., Mohamed M. Elsenduony, and Maha E. Omran And Walaa A. Alshareef. "Anti-biofilm Potential of Natural Oils against Legionella spp.: Insights into Prevention and Control Strategies." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences Online First: 01 May, 2026. Web. 23 Jun 2026 doi:10.5455/ajvs.311427


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Allam, E. H., Elsenduony, . M. M. & (0) Anti-biofilm Potential of Natural Oils against Legionella spp.: Insights into Prevention and Control Strategies. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, Online First: 01 May, 2026. doi:10.5455/ajvs.311427




Most Viewed Articles
Most Accessed Articles

  • Assessment of The Efficiency of Some Chemical Disinfectants Used in poultry Farms Against Coccidiosis
    Hamed Abdel tawab Samaha, Yasser Nasr Haggag, Mohammed Al sayed Nossair, Heba Mohammed Habib
    AJVS. 2013; 39(1): 82-90
    » Abstract

  • Physiological and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in the Freshwater Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L., exposed to sublethal doses of cadmium
    Ahmed M. EL-Gazzar, Khalid E. Ashry, Yasser S. El-Sayed
    AJVS. 2014; 40(1): 29-43
    » Abstract » doi: 10.5455/ajvs.48333

  • Influence of Combined Administration of Turmeric and Black seed on Selected Biochemical Parameters of Diabetic Rats
    Sabry M. El-Bahr, Nabil M. Taha, Mahdy A. Korshom, Abd EL-Wahab A. Mandour, Mohamed A. Lebda
    AJVS. 2014; 41(1): 19-27
    » Abstract » doi: 10.5455/ajvs.154650

  • Molecular Characterization of Listeria Species Isolated from Frozen Fish
    Gaber S. Abdellrazeq, Ayman M. Kamar, Samya M. El-Houshy
    AJVS. 2014; 40(1): 1-15
    » Abstract » doi: 10.5455/ajvs.45443

  • Growth Performance, Blood Parameters, Immune response and Carcass Traits of Broiler Chicks Fed on Graded Levels of Wheat Instead of Corn without or With Enzyme Supplementation
    Mohamed I. El-Katcha, Mosaad A. Soltan, Hany F. El-Kanwy, EL-syaed R. kawarie
    AJVS. 2014; 40(1): 95-111
    » Abstract » doi: 10.5455/ajvs.48232

    •
    Most Downloaded
    Top Downloaded Articles

  • Comparative Study of Cellular and Humoral Immune Response to BHV-1 Vaccines in Cattle and Buffalo Calves
    Fayrouz S. Naim; Samy A. Khalil and Helmy A. Torky
    AJVS. 2016; 51(2): 367-373
    » Abstract

  • Effect of Excess Fluoride on Reproductive Potentials in Farm Animals (Ovine)
    Ghada H. Abdel-Rahman, Hanaa A. El-Hallawany, Dohreig RA.
    AJVS. 2018; 57(2): 41-57
    » Abstract » doi: 10.5455/ajvs.296364

  • Growth Performance, Blood Parameters, Immune response and Carcass Traits of Broiler Chicks Fed on Graded Levels of Wheat Instead of Corn without or With Enzyme Supplementation
    Mohamed I. El-Katcha, Mosaad A. Soltan, Hany F. El-Kanwy, EL-syaed R. kawarie
    AJVS. 2014; 40(1): 95-111
    » Abstract » doi: 10.5455/ajvs.48232

  • Physiological and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in the Freshwater Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L., exposed to sublethal doses of cadmium
    Ahmed M. EL-Gazzar, Khalid E. Ashry, Yasser S. El-Sayed
    AJVS. 2014; 40(1): 29-43
    » Abstract » doi: 10.5455/ajvs.48333

  • Using of Polypropylene Mesh for Hernioplasty in Calves
    Mostafa M. kassam, Mahmoud H. Elkammer, Ahmed S. Korittum, Ali A. Abdel-Wahed
    AJVS. 2014; 40(1): 112-117
    » Abstract » doi: 10.5455/ajvs.47290

    •

    About Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences

    The Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences (AJVS) Official Journal of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University   ISSN: 1110-204 ... Read more.



    For best results, please use Internet Explorer or Google Chrome.

    Contact Information

    Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
    Alexandria University
    P.O.: 21944
    Abees 10th district, Alexandria
    Egypt.

    email: ajvs@alexu.edu.eg
    POLICIES & JOURNAL LINKS
    Author Login
    Reviewer Login
    Author LoginReviewer LoginAbout PublisherEditorial PoliciesEditorial Review PolicyPeer Review PolicyEditorial & Peer Review ProcessAuthor's Rights and ObligationsPublication Ethics and Publication Malpractice StatementConflict of Interest PolicyPlagiarism PolicyProtection of Research Participants (Statement On Human And Animal Rights)Privacy PolicyDigital Archiving & Preservation PoliciesStatement of Informed ConsentAdvertising PolicyTerms of UseLicense InformationCopyright Information