E-ISSN 2536-9520 | ISSN 1110-2047
 
2026, Vol: 89
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Original Article
Online Published: 17 Apr 2026
 


Assessment of Nano-Hibiscus sabdariffa Phytosome for Enhancing the Renoprotective Effect of Metformin Against Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy in Rats

Buthina Hameed, Ammar Muhammad.


Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is among the most severe diabetes complications and is a major worldwide contributor to chronic kidney disease. The progression of kidney damage is closely related to oxidative stress and inflammation. This study was conducted to assess the potential protective effect of hibiscus flower extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa) and its phospholipid-plant herb extract complex (phytosome) form against kidney damage in an alloxan-induced diabetic nephropathy model in rats. The experimental study was carried out in the animal house of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tikrit University. An additional fifty male mice (200–250 g) were randomly allocated into seven groups: control (G1), alloxan-induced diabetic (100 mg/kg) (G2), corn lavender flower extract (G3), Phytosome (G4), metformin + extracts (G5), metformin + Phytosome (G6) and diabetic control: diabetic rats without treatment (G7). The treatment was given orally for four weeks. Biochemical tests and histological examination of tissues of kidney and pancreas were also performed for assessment of therapeutic effects. Compared to the diabetic control group, normal kidney functions were enhanced while oxidative stress and tissue damage were lower in phytosome formulation-treated rats. Phytosomes were more potent than the standard herbal extract, and metformin co-administration produced an additional protective effect. These findings indicate the possibility of hibiscus plant clinically used as a phytosome for the management of diabetic nephropathy.

Key words: Diabetes, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Metformin, Phytosome.


 
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Pubmed Style

Hameed B, Muhammad A. Assessment of Nano-Hibiscus sabdariffa Phytosome for Enhancing the Renoprotective Effect of Metformin Against Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy in Rats. AJVS. Online First: 17 Apr, 2026. doi:10.5455/ajvs.314018

Web Style

Hameed B, Muhammad A. Assessment of Nano-Hibiscus sabdariffa Phytosome for Enhancing the Renoprotective Effect of Metformin Against Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy in Rats. https://www.alexjvs.com/?mno=314018 [Access: June 27, 2026]. doi:10.5455/ajvs.314018

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Hameed B, Muhammad A. Assessment of Nano-Hibiscus sabdariffa Phytosome for Enhancing the Renoprotective Effect of Metformin Against Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy in Rats. AJVS. Online First: 17 Apr, 2026. doi:10.5455/ajvs.314018


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Hameed B, Muhammad A. Assessment of Nano-Hibiscus sabdariffa Phytosome for Enhancing the Renoprotective Effect of Metformin Against Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy in Rats. AJVS, [cited June 27, 2026]; Online First: 17 Apr, 2026. doi:10.5455/ajvs.314018


Harvard Style

Hameed, B. & Muhammad, . A. (0) Assessment of Nano-Hibiscus sabdariffa Phytosome for Enhancing the Renoprotective Effect of Metformin Against Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy in Rats. AJVS, Online First: 17 Apr, 2026. doi:10.5455/ajvs.314018


Turabian Style

Hameed, Buthina, and Ammar Muhammad. 0. Assessment of Nano-Hibiscus sabdariffa Phytosome for Enhancing the Renoprotective Effect of Metformin Against Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy in Rats. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, Online First: 17 Apr, 2026. doi:10.5455/ajvs.314018


Chicago Style

Hameed, Buthina, and Ammar Muhammad. "Assessment of Nano-Hibiscus sabdariffa Phytosome for Enhancing the Renoprotective Effect of Metformin Against Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy in Rats." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences Online First: 17 Apr, 2026. doi:10.5455/ajvs.314018


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Hameed, Buthina, and Ammar Muhammad. "Assessment of Nano-Hibiscus sabdariffa Phytosome for Enhancing the Renoprotective Effect of Metformin Against Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy in Rats." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences Online First: 17 Apr, 2026. Web. 27 Jun 2026 doi:10.5455/ajvs.314018


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Hameed, B. & Muhammad, . A. (0) Assessment of Nano-Hibiscus sabdariffa Phytosome for Enhancing the Renoprotective Effect of Metformin Against Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy in Rats. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, Online First: 17 Apr, 2026. doi:10.5455/ajvs.314018




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    About Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences

    The Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences (AJVS) Official Journal of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University   ISSN: 1110-204 ... Read more.



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    Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
    Alexandria University
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    Abees 10th district, Alexandria
    Egypt.

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