Effects of Nano-Hydroxyapatite, Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin, and Their Combination on Bone Regeneration in Dogs

Aml Elsayed; Alaa Ghazy; Adel Sobhy; Mohamed Abdelkawi; Nemany Hanafy; Nabil Baker; Mahmoud Elkammar; Ahmed Elkhamary

doi:10.5455/ajvs.263828

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Original Article
Online Published: 12 Jul 2025

AJVS. 0; 0(0):

doi: 10.5455/ajvs.263828

Effects of Nano-Hydroxyapatite, Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin, and Their Combination on Bone Regeneration in Dogs

Aml Elsayed, Alaa Ghazy, Adel Sobhy, Mohamed Abdelkawi, Nemany Hanafy, Nabil Baker, Mahmoud Elkammar, Ahmed Elkhamary.

Abstract
Critical-sized bone defects remain a major challenge in orthopedic surgery due to limited spontaneous healing and the drawbacks of conventional grafting techniques. This study evaluated the regenerative potential of autologous advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF), Nano-hydroxyapatite (NHA), and their combination in a canine tibial defect model. Twelve adult dogs received bilateral 10 mm defects in the proximal third of the tibial diaphysis and were randomized into four groups: control (saline), A-PRF alone, NHA alone, and a combination of A-PRF and NHA. Bone regeneration was assessed radiographically and histologically at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively. The A-PRF + NHA group showed the most rapid and complete healing, with early callus formation evident by week 4 and nearly complete radiographic bridging by week 12. In contrast, NHA alone produced moderate regeneration, while A-PRF alone was largely comparable to controls, indicating limited efficacy without structural support. Histological analysis confirmed these findings: the combination group exhibited extensive early osteoid deposition, followed by transition to organized lamellar bone and marrow-like tissue by week 12. Quantitative collagen content peaked in this group at week 4 (64.03 ± 1.44%), declining by week 12 (20.99 ± 2.50%), suggesting active remodeling and mineralization. These results demonstrate that combining A-PRF with NHA yields a synergistic effect, enhancing both early matrix formation and structural maturation. This autologous, biocompatible, and cost-effective approach holds promise as a viable alternative to traditional grafting methods for treating critical-sized bone defects.

Key words: Advanced Platelet rich fibrin; A-PRF; Nano-hydroxyapatite; tibial bone defect.

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Pubmed Style

Elsayed A, Ghazy A, Sobhy A, Abdelkawi M, Hanafy N, Baker N, Elkammar M, Elkhamary A. Effects of Nano-Hydroxyapatite, Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin, and Their Combination on Bone Regeneration in Dogs. AJVS. Online First: 12 Jul, 2025. doi:10.5455/ajvs.263828

Web Style

Elsayed A, Ghazy A, Sobhy A, Abdelkawi M, Hanafy N, Baker N, Elkammar M, Elkhamary A. Effects of Nano-Hydroxyapatite, Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin, and Their Combination on Bone Regeneration in Dogs. https://www.alexjvs.com/?mno=263828 [Access: July 19, 2025]. doi:10.5455/ajvs.263828

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Elsayed A, Ghazy A, Sobhy A, Abdelkawi M, Hanafy N, Baker N, Elkammar M, Elkhamary A. Effects of Nano-Hydroxyapatite, Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin, and Their Combination on Bone Regeneration in Dogs. AJVS. Online First: 12 Jul, 2025. doi:10.5455/ajvs.263828

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Elsayed A, Ghazy A, Sobhy A, Abdelkawi M, Hanafy N, Baker N, Elkammar M, Elkhamary A. Effects of Nano-Hydroxyapatite, Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin, and Their Combination on Bone Regeneration in Dogs. AJVS, [cited July 19, 2025]; Online First: 12 Jul, 2025. doi:10.5455/ajvs.263828

Harvard Style

Elsayed, A., Ghazy, . A., Sobhy, . A., Abdelkawi, . M., Hanafy, . N., Baker, . N., Elkammar, . M. & Elkhamary, . A. (0) Effects of Nano-Hydroxyapatite, Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin, and Their Combination on Bone Regeneration in Dogs. AJVS, Online First: 12 Jul, 2025. doi:10.5455/ajvs.263828

Turabian Style

Elsayed, Aml, Alaa Ghazy, Adel Sobhy, Mohamed Abdelkawi, Nemany Hanafy, Nabil Baker, Mahmoud Elkammar, and Ahmed Elkhamary. 0. Effects of Nano-Hydroxyapatite, Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin, and Their Combination on Bone Regeneration in Dogs. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, Online First: 12 Jul, 2025. doi:10.5455/ajvs.263828

Chicago Style

Elsayed, Aml, Alaa Ghazy, Adel Sobhy, Mohamed Abdelkawi, Nemany Hanafy, Nabil Baker, Mahmoud Elkammar, and Ahmed Elkhamary. "Effects of Nano-Hydroxyapatite, Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin, and Their Combination on Bone Regeneration in Dogs." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences Online First: 12 Jul, 2025. doi:10.5455/ajvs.263828

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Elsayed, A., Ghazy, . A., Sobhy, . A., Abdelkawi, . M., Hanafy, . N., Baker, . N., Elkammar, . M. & Elkhamary, . A. (0) Effects of Nano-Hydroxyapatite, Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin, and Their Combination on Bone Regeneration in Dogs. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, Online First: 12 Jul, 2025. doi:10.5455/ajvs.263828

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