E-ISSN 2536-9520 | ISSN 1110-2047
 
2026, Vol: 89
89Current Volume Online First Archive Aims and Scope Abstracting & Indexing Most Accessed Articles Most Downloaded Articles Most Cited Articles

Original Article
Online Published: 27 Mar 2026
 


Ketorolac Acute Toxicity Evaluation and Experimental Assessment of its Analgesic Activity Compared with Acetaminophen in Albino Mice

Zaid K. Shnawa, Dourid A. Abass, Waqas M. Hussien.


Abstract
Ketorolac is a potent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug widely used for short-term pain management; however, its clinical application is limited by dose-related toxicity. The present study investigated the acute oral toxicity (LD₅₀) of ketorolac in albino mice and evaluated its peripheral analgesic activity in comparison with acetaminophen using a standardized experimental pain model. Acute toxicity was determined using the up-and-down method, after which mice were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 5): ketorolac-treated, acetaminophen-treated, and control. The drugs were administered orally at therapeutic doses for five consecutive days, and analgesic activity was assessed using the acetic acid–induced writhing test. Ketorolac produced dose-dependent toxic manifestations, with an estimated LD₅₀ of 474.82 mg/kg body weight. In the writhing assay, ketorolac significantly reduced the number of abdominal constrictions compared with both acetaminophen and control groups (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that ketorolac exhibits stronger peripheral analgesic activity than acetaminophen, accompanied by measurable acute toxicity at higher doses, highlighting the importance of interpreting analgesic efficacy in relation to safety parameters.

Key words: Keywords: Ketorolac, Acetaminophen, Acute toxicity, LD50 ,Analgesic Activity, Writhing test.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Shnawa ZK, Abass DA, Hussien WM. Ketorolac Acute Toxicity Evaluation and Experimental Assessment of its Analgesic Activity Compared with Acetaminophen in Albino Mice. AJVS. 2026; 89(0): 79-83. doi:10.5455/ajvs.309642

Web Style

Shnawa ZK, Abass DA, Hussien WM. Ketorolac Acute Toxicity Evaluation and Experimental Assessment of its Analgesic Activity Compared with Acetaminophen in Albino Mice. https://www.alexjvs.com/?mno=309642 [Access: April 16, 2026]. doi:10.5455/ajvs.309642

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Shnawa ZK, Abass DA, Hussien WM. Ketorolac Acute Toxicity Evaluation and Experimental Assessment of its Analgesic Activity Compared with Acetaminophen in Albino Mice. AJVS. 2026; 89(0): 79-83. doi:10.5455/ajvs.309642


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Shnawa ZK, Abass DA, Hussien WM. Ketorolac Acute Toxicity Evaluation and Experimental Assessment of its Analgesic Activity Compared with Acetaminophen in Albino Mice. AJVS. (2026), [cited April 16, 2026]; 89(0): 79-83. doi:10.5455/ajvs.309642


Harvard Style

Shnawa, Z. K., Abass, . D. A. & Hussien, . W. M. (2026) Ketorolac Acute Toxicity Evaluation and Experimental Assessment of its Analgesic Activity Compared with Acetaminophen in Albino Mice. AJVS, 89 (0), 79-83. doi:10.5455/ajvs.309642


Turabian Style

Shnawa, Zaid K., Dourid A. Abass, and Waqas M. Hussien. 2026. Ketorolac Acute Toxicity Evaluation and Experimental Assessment of its Analgesic Activity Compared with Acetaminophen in Albino Mice. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 89 (0), 79-83. doi:10.5455/ajvs.309642


Chicago Style

Shnawa, Zaid K., Dourid A. Abass, and Waqas M. Hussien. "Ketorolac Acute Toxicity Evaluation and Experimental Assessment of its Analgesic Activity Compared with Acetaminophen in Albino Mice." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences 89 (2026), 79-83. doi:10.5455/ajvs.309642


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Shnawa, Zaid K., Dourid A. Abass, and Waqas M. Hussien. "Ketorolac Acute Toxicity Evaluation and Experimental Assessment of its Analgesic Activity Compared with Acetaminophen in Albino Mice." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences 89.0 (2026), 79-83. Print. doi:10.5455/ajvs.309642


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Shnawa, Z. K., Abass, . D. A. & Hussien, . W. M. (2026) Ketorolac Acute Toxicity Evaluation and Experimental Assessment of its Analgesic Activity Compared with Acetaminophen in Albino Mice. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 89 (0), 79-83. doi:10.5455/ajvs.309642




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    About Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences

    The Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences (AJVS) Official Journal of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University   ISSN: 1110-204 ... Read more.



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    Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
    Alexandria University
    P.O.: 21944
    Abees 10th district, Alexandria
    Egypt.

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