E-ISSN 2536-9520 | ISSN 1110-2047
 
2026, Vol: 89
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Original Article 


Evaluation of the Physicochemical and Microbiological Quality of Water in Egyptian Poultry Farms: A Correlational Analysis of Water Quality Parameters

Aya N. Ibrahim, Hanan S. Khalefa, S.t. Moubarak.

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    • Abstract
    The quality of water plays a crucial role in the health, growth performance, feed efficiency, and overall productivity of poultry in both residential and commercial farming systems. A field investigation was conducted across 25 poultry farms located in eight different regions of Egypt. In this study, we analyzed 58 samples of drinking water from various sources for their physicochemical and microbiological characteristics. According to the source and treatment status of the water, four distinct sampling sites were identified: the primary water sources (wells), the major tanks post-treatment, the header tanks, and the tap water supplies. Water hardness, chloride, calcium, magnesium concentrations, pH, and total dissolved solids (TDS) were analyzed. Sample pH values ranged between 6.9 and 7.2. TDS levels varied significantly, with well water having a high concentration of 1657 ppm while tap water had a much lower level of 261 ppm. Microbiological assessments contributed to understanding water safety and hygiene. The total viable count (TVC) had a median value of 4.05 log₁₀ CFU/ml on selective agar media. Water from header tanks exhibited the highest levels of coliform bacteria (2.95 ± 0.53 CFU/ml), whereas tap water samples had the lowest total coliform counts. Based on regression analysis, water hardness is positively correlated with other physicochemical parameters, including electrical conductivity (EC), TDS, and microbiological indicators such as total pseudomonas count (TPC) and total staphylococcus count (TSC). Overall, the study highlighted significant differences in water quality parameters across various water sources.

    Key words: Hardness, TVC, Water Sources, Water Quality, Poultry farm


    		 
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    How to Cite this Article
    Pubmed Style

    Ibrahim AN, Khalefa HS, Moubarak S. Evaluation of the Physicochemical and Microbiological Quality of Water in Egyptian Poultry Farms: A Correlational Analysis of Water Quality Parameters. AJVS. 2025; 87(0): 73-81. doi:10.5455/ajvs.271857

    Web Style

    Ibrahim AN, Khalefa HS, Moubarak S. Evaluation of the Physicochemical and Microbiological Quality of Water in Egyptian Poultry Farms: A Correlational Analysis of Water Quality Parameters. https://www.alexjvs.com/?mno=271857 [Access: June 27, 2026]. doi:10.5455/ajvs.271857

    AMA (American Medical Association) Style

    Ibrahim AN, Khalefa HS, Moubarak S. Evaluation of the Physicochemical and Microbiological Quality of Water in Egyptian Poultry Farms: A Correlational Analysis of Water Quality Parameters. AJVS. 2025; 87(0): 73-81. doi:10.5455/ajvs.271857


    Vancouver/ICMJE Style

    Ibrahim AN, Khalefa HS, Moubarak S. Evaluation of the Physicochemical and Microbiological Quality of Water in Egyptian Poultry Farms: A Correlational Analysis of Water Quality Parameters. AJVS. (2025), [cited June 27, 2026]; 87(0): 73-81. doi:10.5455/ajvs.271857


    Harvard Style

    Ibrahim, A. N., Khalefa, . H. S. & Moubarak, . S. (2025) Evaluation of the Physicochemical and Microbiological Quality of Water in Egyptian Poultry Farms: A Correlational Analysis of Water Quality Parameters. AJVS, 87 (0), 73-81. doi:10.5455/ajvs.271857


    Turabian Style

    Ibrahim, Aya N., Hanan S. Khalefa, and S.t. Moubarak. 2025. Evaluation of the Physicochemical and Microbiological Quality of Water in Egyptian Poultry Farms: A Correlational Analysis of Water Quality Parameters. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 87 (0), 73-81. doi:10.5455/ajvs.271857


    Chicago Style

    Ibrahim, Aya N., Hanan S. Khalefa, and S.t. Moubarak. "Evaluation of the Physicochemical and Microbiological Quality of Water in Egyptian Poultry Farms: A Correlational Analysis of Water Quality Parameters." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences 87 (2025), 73-81. doi:10.5455/ajvs.271857


    MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

    Ibrahim, Aya N., Hanan S. Khalefa, and S.t. Moubarak. "Evaluation of the Physicochemical and Microbiological Quality of Water in Egyptian Poultry Farms: A Correlational Analysis of Water Quality Parameters." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences 87.0 (2025), 73-81. Print. doi:10.5455/ajvs.271857


    APA (American Psychological Association) Style

    Ibrahim, A. N., Khalefa, . H. S. & Moubarak, . S. (2025) Evaluation of the Physicochemical and Microbiological Quality of Water in Egyptian Poultry Farms: A Correlational Analysis of Water Quality Parameters. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 87 (0), 73-81. doi:10.5455/ajvs.271857




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    About Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences

    The Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences (AJVS) Official Journal of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University   ISSN: 1110-204 ... Read more.



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    Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
    Alexandria University
    P.O.: 21944
    Abees 10th district, Alexandria
    Egypt.

    email: ajvs@alexu.edu.eg
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